रविवार, 20 अगस्त 2023

इतिहास दोहराता हिंदी सिनेमा

 


गदर के प्रति दर्शकों की जो दीवानगी 22 साल पहले देखी गई थी,वह हिंदी सिनेमा के लिए इतिहास है।ऐसा इतिहास जिसे दोहराया नहीं जा सका।जाहिर है 22 सालों में जब दर्शकों की पूरी पीढी बदल गई,सिनेमा देखने के तौर तरीके बदल गए,गदर 2 से नए दर्शकों को कनेक्ट करने के लिए गदर की ऐतिहासिकता का स्मरण दिलाना आवश्यक भी था।आश्चर्य नहीं कि गदर के इस पुनर्प्रदर्शन ने गदर 2 के प्रति दर्शकों के उत्साह को दूना कर दिया।इसके पहले पुनर्प्रदर्शन का यह प्रयोग बाहुबली और पोन्नियन सेलिवन के लिए भी किया गया था।इस तरह की रिलीज का दोहरा लाभ निर्माताओं को मिलता है,पहले तो जहां यह नई फिल्म के लिए प्रमोशन का काम कर देती है,वहीं अपने पुराने क्रेज का दोहन कर बाक्स आफिस का भरसक दोहन करने में भी सफल होती है।गदर के आंकडे बताते हैं कि अपने पुनर्प्रदर्शन में इसने 40 करोड से अधिक कमाई कर ली। सफलता के यही आंकडें है जो आज हिंदी सिनेमा को पुराने हिट फिल्मों के पुनर्प्रदर्शन के बहाने खोजने के लिए तैयार कर रही हैं।20 साल पूरे होने पर कोई मिल गया के पुनर्प्रदर्शन को इसी कडीं में देख सकते हैं।

हालांकि पुनर्प्रदर्शन की बात हम आज करने लगे हैं,सच तो यही है कि 70-80 के दशक में जब छोटे शहर सिंगल थिएटर से आच्छादित थे।पुरानी फिल्में अक्सर दोहरायी जाती थी।खासकर दशहरे जैसे मेले के समय तो पुरानी फिल्में ही सिनेमाघरों में लगायी जाती थी,शायद इसलिए कि मेले के मूड में सिनेमा देखना उस दौर की सबसे बडी विलासिता थी,और सिनेमा मालिक निश्चिन्त रहते थे कि जो फिल्म दिखाएंगे,वही देखने लोग आएंगे ही,सो नई फिल्म मंगाने पर खर्च क्यों करना। उस दौर में फिल्में बनती भी कम थी,और प्रिंट भी कम रिलीज होते थे,सो छोटे शहरों को ऐसे भी पुरानी फिल्मों से संतोष करना पडता था।

लेकिन यदि हिंदी में बकायदा पुनर्प्रदर्शन की बात करें तो वह फिल्म होगी मुगले आजम।अगस्त 1960 में पहली बार आंशिक रंगीन रुप में मुगले आजम सिनेमाघरों में रिलीज हुई थी,और अपनी कलात्मकता,अपने संगीत,अपने अभिनय से इस फिल्म ने एक मिसाल कायम की थी।डिजिटल तकनीक की सहज उपलब्धता के बाद फिल्म को रंगीन करना आसान हो गया तो इस फिल्म को तकनीकि रुप से और बेहतर और रंगीन बना कर नए दर्शकों के लिए 2004 में पुनर्प्रदर्शित किया गया।उल्लेखनीय है कि इस फिल्म के कालजयी गीतों को नौशाद साहब ने स्वयं फिल्म के आधुनिक स्वरुप का साथ देने के लिए बड़े गुलाम अली खां, मुहम्मद रफी, शमशाद बेगम, लता मंगेशकर की आवाज में गाए गानों को नए आरकेस्ट्रा के साथ पुन: रेकॉर्ड ही नहीं करवाया, बल्कि गाने के आधुनिकीकरण में उत्तम सिंह का सहयोग लेने में भी हिचक नहीं दिखाई। अपने पुनर्प्रदर्शन में भी मुगले आजम सफल रही,और इसने कई फिल्मकारों को नए स्वरुप में फिल्म प्रदर्शन को उत्साहित किया,जिसमें बी आर चोपडा की 1957 में बनी नया दौर भी थी,लेकिन 2007 में दर्शक मशीन और मनुष्य के संघर्ष की इस कथा को स्वीकार नहीं कर सके।इस दौर में एवरग्रीन माने जाने वाले देव आनंद कहां पीछे रहने वाले थे।1961 में रिलीज हम दोनों को पूरे रंगीन स्वरुप में 2011 में उन्होंने पुनर्प्रदर्शित किया,उनकी योजना काला बाजार और जाली नोट जैसी फिल्म को रंगीन नए अवतार में भी प्रस्तुत करने की थी,लेकिन इस तरह की फिल्मों की शुरुआती असफलता ने देव साहब के साथ अन्य फिल्मकारों के भी उत्साह को कम कर दिया।

 वास्तव में तकनीक के उत्साह में हम भूल जाते है कि कोई भी कला समय सापेक्ष होती है। वह अपने समय से संवाद करती है तभी सर्वकालिक महान में शुमार की जाती है। मुगले आजम की सर्वकालिक कथा की बात और है,लेकिन हम दोनोंको स्वीकार्य बनाने के लिए जैसे ही उसे आधुनिक कलेवर में दर्शकों के सामने रखना चाहेगें,  दर्शकों को उसमे ना तो 1960 दिखेगा न ही 2010, और कोई भी कृति समय से निरपेक्ष होने के बाद निरर्थक हो जाती है।ऐसा ही हिंदी की सफलतम फिल्मों में एक शोले के संदर्भ में देखी गई,जब रिलीज के 40 साल पूरे होने पर इस फिल्म का 3डी वर्सन रिलीज किया गया,लेकिन दर्शकों ने जरा भी तवज्जो नहीं दी।

इसके बरक्स दक्षिण भारतीय फिल्मों में पुनर्प्रदर्शन की परंपरा मजबूत होती रही।वास्तव में वहां पुनर्प्रदर्शन को दर्शकों और फिल्मकारों ने सितारों की लोकप्रियता से जोड कर देखना शुरु किया।कहते हैं जू एनटीआर के जन्मदिन के अवसर पर उनकी तेलगु फिल्म सिम्हाद्री पहली रिलीज के 20 साल बाद 1000 थिएटर में पुनर्प्रदर्शित हुई थी।  वहां महेश बाबू जैसे सितारों के जन्मदिन पर उनकी फिल्मों को पुनर्प्रदर्शित करने की परंपरा आज भी है।तमिल में 2002 में बनी रजनीकांत की सुपरनेचुरल कथानक पर बनी बाबा को इस वर्ष दोबारा रिलीज किया गया,खास बात यह कि रजनीकांत ने इस पुनर्प्रदर्शन के लिए नए सिरे से डबिंग की थी,ताकि दर्शकों को आज के रजनीकांत का अहसास हो। कमल हासन की 2006 की हिट फिल्म वेट्टियाडु विलायडु भी इस वर्ष उनके जन्मदिन के अवसर पर नए रुप में पुनर्प्रदर्शित की गई। दक्षिण की इस परंपरा को हिंदी सिनेमा भी अब दोहराने की कोशिश कर रही है,लेकिन जब हिंदी सिनेमा के सितारों के पास प्रतिबद्ध प्रशंसकों की संख्या दिन व दिन कम होती जा रही है,यह परंपरा चल पाएगी संदेह है।

हालांकि व्यवसाय की दृष्टि से पुनर्प्रदर्शन फिल्मकारों को अमूमन लाभ ही दे जाती है।आमतौर पर एक फिल्म की मास्टरिंग में 20 से 25 लाख के खर्च आते हैं। इस तरह की चर्चित फिल्मों के लिए पब्लिसिटी की कोई खास जरुरत होती नहीं।बल्कि अपने पुराने क्रेज के भरोसे ही ऐसी फिल्में दर्शकों को आकर्षित कर लेती हैं।जाहिर है क्रिकेटर धोनी के जन्मदिन पर नीरज पांडेय ने एम एस धोनी-द अनटोल्ड स्टोरी पुनर्प्रदर्शित की तो दर्शकों ने एक बार फिर देखने में कोई कोताही नहीं की।इसके पहले सबसे लंबे समय तक थिएटर में चलने वाली फिल्म का इतिहास कायम करने वाली दिलवाले दुल्हनियां ले जाएंगे भी कुछ खास शहरों में शाहरुख खान के जन्मदिन पर पुनर्प्रदर्शित की गई थी। 2020 में मनमोहन देसाई की कल्ट फिल्म अमर अकबर एंथनी का भी पुनर्प्रदर्शन अमिताभ बच्च्न

के जन्मदिन पर किया गया था। वास्तव में हिंदी में पुनर्प्रदर्शन की परंपरा ने कोरोना के बाद एक बार फिर जोर पकडा,जब लंबी बंदी के बाद थिएटर खुले,और दर्शक डर से थिएटर आने को तैयार नहीं थे।पुरानी फिल्मों के साथ आधी तिहाई दर्शकों के बीच सिनेमा घरों ने उस समय अपने को बचाए रखने की कोशिश की।

ओटीटी के दौर में जब सारे नेटवर्क के पास सिनेमा के बैंक भरे परे हैं,जो हर समय हमारे एक क्लिक पर उपलब्ध हैं, ऐसे में पुनर्प्रदर्शन की यह परंपरा हिंदी सिनेमा के लिए कब तक जरुरत बनी रहेगी कहना कठिन है।                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        के जन्मदिन पर किया गया था। वास्तव में हिंदी में पुनर्प्रदर्शन की परंपरा ने कोरोना के बाद एक बार फिर जोर पकडा,जब लंबी बंदी के बाद थिएटर खुले,और दर्शक डर से थिएटर आने को तैयार नहीं थे।पुरानी फिल्मों के साथ आधी तिहाई दर्शकों के बीच सिनेमा घरों ने उस समय अपने को बचाए रखने की कोशिश की।

ओटीटी के दौर में जब सारे नेटवर्क के पास सिनेमा के बैंक भरे परे हैं,जो हर समय हमारे एक क्लिक पर उपलब्ध हैं, ऐसे में पुनर्प्रदर्शन की यह परंपरा हिंदी सिनेमा के लिए कब तक जरुरत बनी रहेगी कहना कठिन है।